ممرض في عيادة يقيّم رجلاً عمره ٥٨ سنة مدخناً منذ ٣٥ سنة ويسعل كل صباح منذ سنوات. أي فحص يتوقع أن يطلبه الطبيب لتأكيد COPD؟

A clinic nurse assesses a 58-year-old who has smoked for 35 years and coughs every morning. Which test does the nurse expect to confirm COPD?

1. A 12-lead ECG alone
2. Spirometry
3. An arterial blood gas alone
4. A chest X-ray alone without other tests

Answer: B) Spirometry. Post-bronchodilator spirometry is required to diagnose COPD, with FEV1/FVC below 0.7. Imaging and blood gases may help but cannot diagnose it.