مريض بعد كسر في الأنف والوجه يخرج من أنفه سائل شفاف، وعند وضع نقطة على شاش ظهرت حلقة صفراء حول بقعة دم. ما المتوقع؟

After nasal and facial fractures a client has clear fluid from his nose; on gauze a yellow ring forms around a blood spot. What is expected?

1. A minor nosebleed that will stop by itself
2. A nasal allergy to the dressing
3. Possible CSF leak; no nose blowing
4. An ordinary cold needing a nasal spray

Answer: C) Possible CSF leak; no nose blowing. A halo sign suggests a CSF leak after skull-base or facial fractures. Nose blowing, sneezing with the mouth closed and nasal tubes are avoided, and the physician informed because of meningitis risk.