مريض في نهاية فشل القلب، تنفسه يزيد تدريجياً في العمق ثم يقل حتى يتوقف لثوانٍ، ثم يتكرر. ماذا يسمى هذا النمط؟

A client with end-stage heart failure breathes with gradually increasing depth, then decreasing until a pause of several seconds, repeatedly. What is this pattern?

1. Cheyne-Stokes respiration
2. Pursed-lip breathing
3. Kussmaul breathing
4. Biot’s ataxic breathing

Answer: A) Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Cheyne-Stokes is cyclical waxing, waning and apnoea, seen in advanced heart failure, brain injury and near death. Kussmaul is deep, rapid, regular breathing in metabolic acidosis.