مريض عنده ارتجاع مزمن لسنوات، وأظهر المنظار مريء باريت. لماذا يحتاج متابعة بالمنظار؟

A client with years of chronic reflux has Barrett’s oesophagus on endoscopy. Why does he need surveillance endoscopy?

1. It is a cellular change that raises oesophageal cancer risk
2. It causes acute bleeding that recurs every few months
3. It signals a chronic fungal infection of the oesophagus
4. It turns into oesophageal varices over time

Answer: A) It is a cellular change that raises oesophageal cancer risk. Barrett’s is metaplasia of the oesophageal lining from chronic acid exposure and raises adenocarcinoma risk, so periodic endoscopy plus reflux control is needed.