مريضة بعد استئصال المرارة بالمنظار تشتكي من ألم في الكتف الأيمن. ما التفسير الأرجح؟

After laparoscopic cholecystectomy a client reports right shoulder pain. What is the most likely explanation?

1. Shoulder dislocation from positioning during the operation
2. A heart attack, as shoulder pain is a definite cardiac sign
3. Internal bleeding from the gallbladder bed needing surgery
4. CO2 gas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm

Answer: D) CO2 gas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm. Post-laparoscopy shoulder pain is common and temporary from gas under the diaphragm. Early walking and analgesia help; report rising abdominal pain, fever or jaundice.